We aimed to clarify its definition, its phenomenology and its content. We reviewed all the literature reporting déjà-rêvé induced by EBS and added data from our own intracerebral recording database. In the present study, we specifically studied déjà-rêvé induced by EBS in epileptic patients undergoing pre-neurosurgical assessment. Unfortunately, this term is still used in neurology, further adding to the confusion. Instead, he emphasized the fact that experiential phenomena following temporal lobe epilepsy felt like dreaming. However, Hughlings Jackson never actually referred to the specific reminiscence of dreams. Interestingly, experiential phenomena in temporal lobe epilepsy are also grouped under the term “dreamy state” since their description by Hughlings Jackson in 1898. Various interpretations also relate déjà-rêvé to a premonitory dream in mysticism or the reminiscence of an ancestral experience in metempsychosis. Philosophers have also sometimes hypothesized that dreams provide the fragmentary memories later duplicated in the déjà-vu. For example, in psychoanalysis, the feeling of déjà-vu corresponds to the memory of an unconscious phantasy or daydream. This confusion between déjà-vu and déjà-rêvé dates back to the end of the XIX th century when scientific-and non-scientific -authors became interested in psychic phenomena for which no clear definition existed at the time. Contrary to other types of experiential phenomena, déjà-vu is devoid of any sense of recollection, as in déja-vécu, and of mental imagery, as in reminiscence. According to current and consensual definitions, it corresponds more precisely to a subjective sense of familiarity for an objectively new situation. Déjà-vu should not be reduced to its literal translation-already seen. Déjà-vu is common in both healthy subjects and epileptic patients suffering from temporal lobe epilepsy, , ]. Consequently, no scientific study has ever focused on déjà-rêvé to the best of our knowledge.Īn additional reason that probably prevented adequate study of déjà-rêvé is that it has often been confused with déjà-vu. However, Van Buren and other authors in the following decades were more interested in experiential phenomena in general, ,, , ] and did not have many examples of déjà-rêvé. Dreams correspond to a sensorimotor hallucinatory experience that follows a narrative structure, and these patients seemed to have experienced fragments of it. I felt the atmosphere of the room I saw a color, an orange color.” These examples literally correspond to an “already-dreamed” experience, in other words a “déjà-rêvé”. Another patient evaluated in our epilepsy center said exactly at the moment of EBS in the entorhinal cortex: “I had the reminiscence of a dream I had few a days ago Well, I was like in a closed room It was very fleeting. reported that patient MB experienced a prior dream after EBS of a depth electrode in the anteroinferior temporal pole: “I saw something, a dream, a nightmare I had a couple years ago. Some epileptic patients have reported specific experiential phenomena that appear related to dreams during spontaneous seizures or pre-surgical electrical brain stimulation (EBS). These include a wide range of déjà-experiences, which phenomenology and content-wise vary from déjà-vu (a transitory mental state whereby a novel experience feels as if it is familiar) to reminiscence (the involuntary recall of memories, either semantic or episodic). Various psychic symptoms, also known as “experiential phenomena”, reflect altered contents of consciousness during partial seizures.
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